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演讲者：Shai Reshef
演讲题目：An ultra-low-cost college degree
I would like to share with you a new model of higher education, a model that, once expanded, can enhance the collective intelligence of millions of creative and motivated individuals that otherwise would be left behind. Look at the world. Pick a place and focus on it. You will find humans chasing higher education. Lets meet some of them.
我想和大家分享一种新的高等教育模式。一旦这种模式发展起来，数百万有创造力和热情的人的集体智慧就可以大大提高，而那些不参与这种模式的人可能会落后。看看这个世界。选择一个地方，专注于此。你会发现人类在追求高等教育。让我们看看他们中的一些人。
Patrick. Patrick was born in Liberia to a family of 20 children. During the civil war, he and his family were forced to flee to Nigeria. There, in spite of his situation, he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.
帕特里克。帕特里克出生在利比里亚，家里有20个孩子。内战期间，他和家人被迫逃往尼日利亚。在那里，尽管他的情况如此糟糕，他还是以几乎完美的成绩高中毕业。
He wanted to continue to higher education, but due to his family living on the poverty line, he was soon sent to South Africa to work and send back money to feed his family. Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education. Late at night, after work, he surfed the net, looking for ways to study.
他想继续接受高等教育，但由于家庭生活在贫困线上，他很快被派往南非工作，并寄回钱养家。帕特里克从未放弃过高等教育的梦想。深夜，下班后，他上网寻找学习的方法。
Meet Debbie. Debbie is from Florida. Her parents didnt go to college, and neither did any of her siblings. Debbie has worked all her life, pays taxes, supports herself month to month, proud of the American dream, a dream that just wont be complete without higher education.
让我们看看黛比。黛比来自佛罗里达。她的父母没有上大学，她的兄弟姐妹也没有。黛比一生都在工作，纳税，每个月都在养活自己，为自己的美国梦感到骄傲，但没有高等教育是不可能实现的。
But Debbie doesnt have the savings for higher education. She cant pay the tuition. Neither could she leave work.
但黛比没有高等教育的积蓄。她付不起学费。她不能没有工作。
Meet Wael. Wael is from Syria. Hes experiencing firsthand the misery, fear and failure imposed on his country. Hes a big believer in education. He knew that if he could find an opportunity for higher education, an opportunity to get ahead of the rest, he has a better chance to survive in a world turned upside down.
还有威尔。威尔来自叙利亚。他亲身经历了外界强加给他的国家的痛苦、恐惧和失败。他非常相信教育。他知道，如果他能找到接受高等教育和超越他人的机会，他就有可能在这个翻天覆地的世界里生存。
The higher education system failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael, exactly as it is failing millions of potential students — millions that graduate high school, millions that are qualified for higher education, millions that want to study yet cannot access it for various reasons.
然而，传统的高等教育体系让帕特里克、黛比和沃尔失望，就像它让数百万潜在学生失望一样——数百万高中毕业生、数百万有资格接受高等教育的人、数百万想学习但由于各种原因无法接受高等教育的人。
First: financial. Universities are expensive; we all know it. In large parts of the world, higher education is unattainable for an average citizen. This is probably the biggest problem facing our society. Higher education stopped being a right for all and became a privilege for the few.
第一：财务。我们都知道大学很贵。普通公民在世界大部分地区都不能接受高等教育。这可能是我们社会面临的最大问题。高等教育不再是所有人的权利，而是少数人的特权。
Second: cultural. Students who are qualified for higher education can afford — want to study — cannot, because it is not decent, it is not a place for a woman. This is the story of countless women in Africa, for example, prevented from higher education because of cultural barriers.
第二：文化。有资格负担得起学费的人不能接受高等教育，因为它不体面，不是女性应该呆的地方。例如，由于文化障碍，无数非洲妇女无法接受高等教育。
And here comes the third reason: UNESCO stated that in 2025, 100 million students will be deprived of higher education, simply because there will not be enough seats to accommodate them, to meet the demand. They will take a placement test, they will pass it, but they still wont have access, because there are no places available.
第三个原因是：联合国教科文组织表示，到2025年，1亿学生将被剥夺接受高等教育的权利，因为没有足够的座位来满足他们的需求。他们将参加一定程度的考试，即使他们通过了考试，他们仍然不能接受教育，因为没有足够的职位。
These are the reasons I founded University of the People, a nonprofit, tuition-free, degree-granting university to give an alternative, to create an alternative, to those who have no other; an alternative that will be affordable and scalable, an alternative that will disrupt the current education system,
这就是我创办人民大学的原因。这是一所非营利性、免学费、授予学位的大学，为没有其他选择的人提供选择，创造选择；一个负担得起、可扩展的选择，甚至会成为一个颠覆当前教育体系的选择，
and open the gates to higher education for every qualified student regardless of what they earn, where they live, or what society says about them. Patrick, Debbie and Wael are only three examples out of the 1,700 accepted students from 143 countries. Thank you.
无论他们的收入、生活地点或社会对他们的评价如何，它都为每个合格的学生打开了接受高等教育的大门。帕特里克、黛比和沃尔只是143个国家录取的1700名学生中的三个例子。非常感谢。
We didnt need to reinvent the wheel. We just looked at what wasnt working and used the amazing power of the Internet to get around it. We set out to build a model that will cut down almost entirely the cost of higher education. And thats how we did it. First, bricks and mortar cost money. Universities have expenses that virtual universities dont. We dont need to pass these expenses on to our students.
我们不需要重新发明轮子。我们只是看到有问题的地方，然后利用互联网的惊人力量来绕过这些问题。我们开始建立一种模式，它将降低高等教育的大部分成本。我们就是这么做的。首先，学校建筑需要花钱。虚拟大学没有很多大学费用，我们不需要把它们转移给学生。
They dont exist. We also dont need to worry about capacity. There are no limits of seats in virtual university. Actually, nobody needs to stand at the back of the lecture hall. Textbooks are also something our students dont need to buy. By using open educational resources and the generosity of professors who are putting their material up free and accessible, we dont need to send our students to buy textbooks. All of our materials come free.
他们不存在。我们不必担心座位。虚拟大学没有座位限制。事实上，没有人需要站在讲堂后面。教科书也是我们学生不需要买的东西。我们不需要让学生通过使用开放的教育资源和教授的慷慨捐赠来购买教科书。我们所有的材料都是免费的。
Even professors, the most expensive line in any university balance sheet, come free to our students. Over 3,000 of them, including presidents, vice chancellors, professors and academic advisers from top universities such as NYU, Yale, Berkeley and Oxford, came on board to help our students.
即使是大学资产负债表上最昂贵的教授也是免费的。3000多人来帮助我们的学生，包括纽约大学、耶鲁大学、伯克利大学和牛津大学的校长、副校长、教授和学术顾问。
Finally, is our belief in peer-to-peer learning. We use this sound pedagogical model to encourage our students from all over the world to interact and study together, and also to reduce the time our professors need to labor over class assignments.
最后，这是我们对同龄人学习的信念。我们使用这种合理的教学模式，鼓励来自世界各地的学生互动和学习，减少教授在课堂作业中所需的工作时间。
If the Internet has made us a global village, this model can develop its future leadership. Look how we do it. We only offer two programs: business administration and computer science, the two programs most in demand worldwide, the two programs that are likeliest to help our students find a job. When our students are accepted, they are placed in a small classroom of 20 to 30 students, to ensure that those who need personalized attention get it.
如果互联网使我们成为地球村，这种模式可以发展我们未来的领导能力。看看我们是怎么做到的。我们只提供两个项目：工商管理和计算机科学，它们是世界上最受欢迎的，它们最有可能帮助我们的学生找到工作。当我们的学生被录取时，他们被安排在一个有20到30名学生的小教室里，以确保需要个性化关注的人得到关注。
Moreover, for every nine-week course, they meet a new peer, a whole new set of students from all over the world. Every week, when they go into the classroom, they find the lecture notes of the week, the reading assignment, the homework assignment, and the discussion question, which is the core of our studies. Every week, every student must contribute to the class discussion, and also must comment on the contribution of others.
此外，在每九周的课程中，他们都会遇到来自世界各地的新生和新生。每周，当他们走进教室时，他们都会收到本周的课堂讲座、阅读作业、家庭作业和讨论，这是我们学习的核心。每周，每个学生都必须参加课堂讨论和评论他人的贡献。
This way, we open our students minds, we develop a positive shift in attitude toward different cultures. By the end of each week, the students take a quiz, hand in their homework, which are assessed by their peers under the supervision of the instructors, get a grade, move to the next week. By the end of the course, they take the final exam, get a grade, and follow to the next course.
这样，我们就打开了学生的思维，我们对不同文化的态度也发生了积极的变化。每个周末之前，学生们都会参加一个小测试，交作业，在导师的指导下由同龄人进行评估，最得到一个分数，然后进入下周的学习。在课程结束时，他们参加了期末考试，得到了一个分数，然后继续下一门课程。
We open the gates for higher education for every qualified student. Every student with a high school diploma, sufficient English and Internet connection can study with us. We dont use audio, we dont use video. Broadband is not necessary. Any student from any part of the world with any Internet connection can study with us.
我们为每个合格的学生打开了接受高等教育的大门。每个高中文凭、英语和网络连接良好的学生都可以和我们一起学习。我们不使用音频或视频。没有宽带。任何来自世界各地的学生都可以和我们一起学习，只要有网络连接。
We are tuition free. All we ask our students to cover is the cost of their exams, 100 dollars per exam. A full-time bachelors degree student taking 40 courses will pay 1,000 dollars a year, 4,000 dollars for the entire degree. And for those who cannot afford even this, we offer them a variety of scholarships. It is our mission that nobody will be left behind for financial reasons. With 5,000 students in 2016, this model is financially sustainable.
我们免学费。每次考试只要求学生支付100美元的考试费。全日制本科生每年要交1000美元，整个学位要交4000美元。我们为那些连这个都买不起的人提供各种奖学金。我们的使命是防止任何人因经济原因而落后。2016年，我们有5000名学生，经济上是可持续的。
Five years ago, it was a vision. Today, it is a reality. Last month, we got the ultimate academic endorsement to our model. University of the People is now fully accredited.
五年前，这是一个愿景。今天，这是一个现实。上个月，我们的模型得到了最终的学术认可。人民大学已获得完全认证。
Thank you.
谢谢。
With this accreditation, its our time now to scale up. We have demonstrated that our model works. I invite universities and, even more important, developing countries governments, to replicate this model to ensure that the gates of higher education will open widely.
有了这个认证，现在是我们扩张的时候了。我们已经证明了我们的模型是有效的。我邀请大学，甚至更重要的是发展中国家ZF，复制这种模式，以确保高等教育的门将始终开放。
A new era is coming — an era that will witness the disruption of the higher education model as we know it today, from being a privilege for the few to becoming a basic right, affordable and accessible for all. Thank you.
一个新时代即将到来，一个见证我们今天所知道的高等教育模式将被逆转的时代，从少数人的特权到每个人都能承担和获得的基本权力。谢谢你。
Remark：一切权益归TED所有，更多TED官网可以获取相关信息www.ted.com查询！
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